Labor recruiters enticed families to work during harvests with verbal promises of decent wages and a good standard of living. INEGI found that 53 percent of women of reproductive age used modern contraception in 2018 (the most recent study). The law provides criminal penalties for corruption by officials, and the government took steps to increase its legal authority to pursue these crimes. With no access to schools or child care, many workers took their children to work in the fields. Nevertheless, women nationwide faced obstacles to accessing emergency services due to health providers personal objections to emergency contraception or misunderstanding of their legal obligations to provide services. At the federal level, the Secretariat of Social Development, Prosecutor Generals Office, and National System for Integral Family Development share responsibility for inspections to enforce child labor laws and to intervene in cases in which employers violate such laws. Femicide is a federal offense punishable by 40 to 70 years in prison. Media monopolies, especially in small markets, at times constrained freedom of expression. High levels of impunity, including for killings or attacks on journalists, resulted in self-censorship and reduced freedom of expression and the press. The government has an established procedure for determining refugee status and providing protections. The governments National Protection Mechanism to Protect Journalists and Human Rights Defenders provided panic buttons, bodyguards, and temporary relocation to journalists and human rights defenders. OSAC provides the latest safety- and security-related information, public announcements, travel advisories, terrorist group profiles, country crime and safety reports, and more to its constituency of more than 4,600 U.S. companies and organizations with overseas interests. In August the federal government signed a public-private partnership agreement with the Teleton Institute for it to provide rehabilitation services to 20,000 pension-receiving children. The law provides for eight paid public holidays and one week of paid annual leave after completing one year of work. Nonetheless, discrimination was common against racial and ethnic minorities, including Black, Afro-Mexican, and indigenous groups. Standards moving through the development process at standards developing organizations (SDOs). On July 14, 10 indigenous men from the Yaqui tribe living in Sonora disappeared while transporting cattle in Bacum. Not all public defenders were qualified, however, and often the state public defender system was understaffed. According to a 2017 INEGI survey, the most recent information available, 12 percent of women were illegally asked to take a pregnancy test as a prerequisite to being hired. A Mexico City municipal law provides increased penalties for hate crimes based on sexual orientation and gender identity. The Prosecutor Generals Office owned a previous genetics database, which consisted of 63,000 profiles, and was responsible for the new database. The law also provides for the rights of appeal and of bail in most categories of crimes. The INE sanctioned 107 persons for gender-based political violence. In the first six months of the year, Article 19 registered 362 attacks against journalists and accused public officials of committing 134 of them. Mexico has relied heavily on the military for drug control and to fight organized crime, leading to widespread human rights violations. In August the Mexico City congress approved a reform allowing LGBTQI+ children ages 12 years and older to legally change their gender on their birth certificate. The procedure known in Spanish as arraigo (a constitutionally permitted form of pretrial detention employed during the investigative phase of a criminal case before probable cause is fully established) allows, with a judges approval, for certain suspects to be detained prior to filing formal charges. Citizens have access to an independent judiciary in civil matters to seek civil remedies for human rights abuses. Responsibility for registration of unions and collective bargaining agreements, including amendments to their statutes, shifted to the Federal Conciliation and Labor Registration Center in November 2020 for the eight phase-one states. A 2019 constitutional reform increased the number of crimes for which pretrial detention is mandatory and bail is not available, including armed robbery, electoral crimes, fuel theft, and weapons possession. In 2020 the STPS Federal Labor Inspectorate conducted almost 30,000 labor inspections nationwide but reported finding only one case of child labor. Human rights and environmental activists, many from indigenous communities, continued to be targets of violence. Mexico is a multiparty federal republic with an elected president and bicameral legislature. Nonetheless, NGOs and media reported on sexual exploitation of minors, as well as child sex tourism in resort towns and northern border areas. Civil society groups reported families living in inhuman conditions, with inadequate and cramped housing, no access to clean water or bathrooms, insufficient food, and without medical care. In March 2020 a federal judge issued an arrest warrant for Zeron on charges related to his conduct of the investigation, including torturing alleged perpetrators to force confessions, conducting forced disappearances, altering the crime scene, manipulating evidence, and failing to perform his duties. TYT.-. Federal labor law requires a minimum of 20 workers to form a union. An Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation study on the use of contraceptives in Chiapas (the poorest state) found that older women were less likely to use family planning methods (13 percent of women ages 35 and older, versus 18 percent of women ages 20-34), while 23 percent of indigenous women opposed birth control for religious, cultural, or social reasons. The National Council to Prevent Discriminations 2017 national survey on discrimination found 58 percent of Afro-Mexicans and 65 percent of indigenous persons considered their rights were respected little or not at all. The survey also reported 22 percent of persons said they would not share a household with an Afro-Mexican. The Monterrey Country Council is active, meeting quarterly. The pandemic severely impacted the economy, resulting in a significant increase in the number of children engaging in child labor. The law prohibits children younger than age 15 from working and allows those ages 15 to 17 to work no more than six daytime hours in nonhazardous conditions daily, and only with parental permission and permission from the labor authority. The Yucatan Peninsula Campeche, Quintana Roo, and Yucatan states has not suffered the same level of escalating violence seen in other parts of Mexico; however, there is some narco-related violence that affects Cancun (usually not in the . Following the introduction of the accusatorial justice system, however, there was a significant reduction in the number of persons detained in this manner, falling from more than 1,900 in 2011 to 21 in 2018. A forensic doctor at the Yucatan Prosecutor Generals Office confirmed that he had suffered sexual abuse. Government authorities also reported an increase of 73 percent in online child pornography distribution during the pandemic. UNICEF reported that 6.9 million students in Venezuela missed almost all classroom instruction between March 2020 and February 2021. The situation of agricultural workers remained particularly precarious, with similar patterns of exploitation throughout the sector. According to National Security Secretariat statistics, between January and June, state-level prosecutors and attorneys general opened 495 femicide investigations throughout the country, exceeding the 477 state-level femicide investigations opened in the first half of 2020 (statistics from state-level reports often conflated femicides with all killings of women). The Mexico 2017 Crime and Safety Report for Mexico City by the US Department of State's Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) indicates that crimes such as armed robberies, kidnappings, car thefts, credit card fraud and residential theft are "daily concerns" (US 24 Feb. 2017). Federal law sets six eight-hour days and 48 hours per week as the legal workweek. such as having witnessed the commission of a crime; in a 2018 report, the domestic think tank Mexico . In cases involving organized crime, the law allows authorities to hold suspects up to 96 hours before requiring them to seek judicial review. Security experts said government candidate protection programs, which did not cover all those eligible, had a negligible impact on curbing political violence. July 2022. The report singled out Hidalgo, Nayarit, Puebla, Sinaloa, Sonora, and Tamaulipas as the states with the worst prison conditions. The web site offers its visitors the latest in safety and security-related information, public announcements, warden messages, travel advisories, significant anniversary dates, terrorist groups profiles, country crime and safety reports, special topic reports, foreign press reports, and much more. According to the NGO, institutional staff in Baja California reported that four children with disabilities died within days of each other with no known investigations. Investigations continued into the 2014 disappearances of 43 students from the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers College in Iguala, Guerrero. He was a member of a search collective and the state search commission. According to the NGO Christian Solidarity Worldwide, Catholic-majority communities sometimes discriminated, harassed, threatened, displaced, denied basic services, and destroyed the property of individuals who left Catholicism. In June the Federal Telecommunications Institute, an autonomous agency created to increase the transparency of media regulation, released internet neutrality guidelines for internet service providers. Civil society groups claimed police routinely subjected LGBTQI+ persons to mistreatment while in custody. Indigenous persons generally had limited access to health care and education services. In its data collection, the government often merged statistics on forcibly disappeared persons with missing persons not suspected of being victims of forced disappearance, making it difficult to compile accurate statistics on the extent of the problem. The state search commission paused all search efforts between May and June due to increased levels of insecurity for family search collectives, according to civil society groups. As of August there were no developments in the case regarding the abduction and killing of seven-year-old Fatima Aldrighetti Anton. As a result he was forced to urinate and defecate in his bed, according to Human Rights Watch. Impunity largely prevailed on this issue, with just 35 convictions for the crime of . Five states have laws that restrict the publishing of political caricatures or memes. These laws were seldom applied. Womens rights activists supported the law as critical to combat the increasingly prevalent problem of online sexual harassment. Penalties ranged from monetary fines to the cancellation of candidacies. with disabilities attended school at a lower rate than those without disabilities. The NGO also reported the existence of multiple unregistered private institutions without licenses operating as orphanages. The government rarely investigated cases of alleged abusive and fraudulent recruitment practices. There were reports the government did not always investigate and punish those complicit in abuses against LGBTQI+ persons, especially outside Mexico City.
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